A Theoretical Model for Carbon-Neutral Concrete Mix DesignConsidering Diverse Curing Conditions

Abstract

The greening of concrete is a critical research focus in civil engineering,
driven by the increasing global demand for aggregates, the worldwide
enforcement of decarbonization policies, and the urgent challenge of climate
change. As one of the largest energy consumers and CO2 producers, the
cement and concrete industry must align structural efficiency with ambitious
sustainability targets. This paper develops a conceptual theoretical model
within a numerical framework, based on first principles, to analyze the
impact of various curing conditions on the environmental-structural
performance of carbon-neutral concrete mix designs. The model is built
upon three intertwined pillars: (1) an Environmental Pillar focused on
reducing Portland cement content via green substitutes like fly ash and slag,
using embodied carbon as a key metric; (2) a Mechanical Pillar ensuring

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engineering performance (strength, durability) through optimized mix
proportions; and (3) a Curing Conditions Pillar that accounts for the effects
of different curing methods (e.g., wet, steam, CO2) on carbon performance
and long-term structural response. This integrated approach allows for the
study of complex interactions between environmental, technical, and
structural factors. The model provides a foundation for future computational
simulations and the development of standardized performance metrics for
sustainable construction codes, offering a practical framework for engineers,
scholars, and policymakers to advance toward carbon-neutral concrete.